What is the thyroid? What is Thyroid in Bengali



The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the windpipe (windpipe) in the neck. The function of the thyroid is to secrete hormones that change and regulate body functions. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are thyroid hormones. These hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland directly into the blood and travel to various organs of the body. These hormones regulate the metabolic activities of the body.

  • What is thyroid disorder? What is Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What are the types of thyroid disease? Types of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What causes thyroid disease? Causes of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What are the symptoms of thyroid disease? Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What are the investigations for thyroid disorders? What are the Investigation done in the case of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What is the treatment for thyroid disease? Treatment of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • What foods should be eaten and avoided in thyroid disease? What to eat and what to avoid in Thyroid Disorders in Bengali
  • Frequently Asked Questions About Thyroid Disorders FAQs related to Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

What is thyroid disorder? What is Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

Abnormal activity or any instability in thyroid hormone levels indicates a thyroid disorder. The main hormones used as indicators are:

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): It is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland (master gland) of the brain. The production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 is regulated by TSH. T3 and T4 in turn decrease the secretion of TSH.
  • Thyroxine (T4): It is one of the hormones secreted by the thyroid that regulates basal metabolic rate and protein synthesis.
  • Triiodothyronine (T3): It works the same as T4 but is more potent and secreted in smaller amounts.

What are the types of thyroid disease? Types of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

Thyroid disorders are mainly covered under the broad term known as goitre. An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goitre. It is classified as follows:

Simple (non-toxic) goitre: It is a benign enlargement of the thyroid gland which does not alter the function of the gland ie; It is in a euthyroid state (functioning normally). Types of common goitre:

  • Diffuse hyperplastic (most common)
  • Colloid goitre
  • Multinodular goitre

Toxic goiter: It is associated with increased secretion of T3 and T4. May or may not be large. The patient is in a hyperthyroid state (above normal function). The person shows symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Neoplastic goitre: It is caused by cancerous growth which can be benign or malignant. (Learn more - What is goiter?)

Thyroiditis: Thyroid inflammation due to an autoimmune process that causes hyper or hypo functioning of the thyroid gland. (Also read: What is hypothyroidism?)

  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis
  • De Quervain's thyroiditis
  • Riedel's thyroiditis

What causes thyroid disease? Causes of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

Thyroid disease can be caused by the following:

  • Iodine deficiency (most common)
  • Using Guitrogens : These are chemicals that inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones
  • Autoimmune : The body produces antibodies that overstimulate or inhibit the thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, respectively.
  • Radiation exposure
  • Chronic simple goitre: May transform into cancer
  • Genetic susceptibility
  • Rare causes: due to bacterial infection or secondary to other diseases

What are the symptoms of thyroid disease? Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

Thyroid disease may have the following symptoms:

  • Swelling in front of neck. painless 
  • Pulse (hearing your own heartbeat)
  • Cardiac rhythm irregularities
  • Tachycardia (high heart rate)
  • Exophthalmos (protrusion of eyelids)
  • worry
  • insomnia
  • depression
  • Altered menstrual cycle.
  • Infertility (Also Read: Infertility Risk Factors)
  • Increase or decrease in basal metabolic rate Weight loss or weight gain.
  • Intolerance to temperature changes.
  • Due to compression- dyspnoea (difficulty breathing), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), hoarseness, fainting attacks.

What are the investigations for thyroid disorders? What are the Investigation done in the case of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

The basic investigation to diagnose any thyroid disorder comes under the term known as thyroid profile. The following tests are included in the thyroid profile:

  • Thyroid function tests: serum T3, T4, TSH
  • Ultrasonography (USG) of thyroid
  • Thyroid CT scan or MRI
  • Serum LATS: Chronic thyroid stimulator (LATS) antibodies are seen in Graves disease.
  • Serum calcitonin: may be elevated in carcinoma of the thyroid
  • FNAC : Fine needle aspiration cytology is done to look at the microscopic morphology of the cells which helps to identify the cancer as well as the type of cancer.
  • X-ray of the neck: effects of enlarged and enlarged thyroid on surrounding structures. Presence of calcifications (ca seen in thyroid)
  • Chest X-ray: Checks for the spread of cancer or an enlarged thyroid in the chest cavity.
  • Indirect laryngoscopy: visualizing vocal cord movement (less movement due to nerve compression).

What is the treatment for thyroid disease? Treatment of Thyroid Disorders in Bengali

Treatment for thyroid disease depends on the type of disease the patient is suffering from. The main lines of treatment for thyroid disease are medication, surgery, hormones, and radiation.

Simple (non-toxic) goitre:

  • Treatment : Iodine supplementation
  • Surgical: Subtotal thyroidectomy, in which both the thyroid lobe and the isthmus are removed but part of the trachea-esophageal junction is preserved.

Toxic goitre:

  • Treatment : Antithyroid drugs that reduce the production of thyroid hormones.
  • Radiation : Radioactive iodine tablets help destroy thyroid tissue to achieve a euthyroid state.
  • Surgery : This is usually the last option when medical lines and radiation therapy fail. Either total thyroidectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy is done.

Thyroid neoplasms:

  • Surgical : Total thyroidectomy with central node compartment neck dissection. (neck lymph nodes removed)
  • Hormones : High levels of thyroxine prevent growth by suppressing TSH secretion.
  • Radiation : Radioactive iodine. Radiation therapy for secondaries.
  • chemotherapy.

Thyroiditis:

  • Hormones : L-thyroxine supplementation to treat hypothyroidism.
  • Treatment : Steroid therapy to treat inflammation and reduce autoimmune antibodies.
  • Surgical : Subtotal or hemi thyroidectomy is done if the thyroid is massively enlarged or causes compression of surrounding structures and causes discomfort to the patient.
  • Does thyroid disease cause sore throat?

Yes, thyroid disease is caused by a disturbance in the thyroid gland. Besides; It can be due to hormonal imbalance, causing symptoms like sore throat, swelling and heaviness.

  • How does thyroid cancer occur?

The exact cause of thyroid cancer is not known, but an enlarged thyroid gland can increase the risk of cancer. The thyroid gland helps regulate heart rate, weight, and hormones. Thyroid cancer occurs when cells change. Abnormal cells begin to form tumors, and abnormal cells can invade surrounding tissue. From here it starts spreading to other parts of the body. Thyroid cancer can be classified based on the type of cells found in the tumor.

How many days the thyroid heals?

By treating thyroid in the right way, the patient can get rid of it quickly within a few months. Thyroid treatment depends on the patient's condition, as some people are advised to take medication daily. Some people are treated with other tests to help them recover from thyroid.

  • How much does thyroid testing cost?

The cost of thyroid test, usually consisting of TSH, T3 and T4 parameters is INR 300- INR 500, but it can be lower or higher in some places.

  • What happens if the thyroid during pregnancy?

Having thyroid problems during pregnancy carries many risks. Abnormal thyroid hormones cause problems in the child's mental and physical development. Also, the baby may be born prematurely or the mother may have frequent miscarriages. Therefore, thyroid tests are usually done before conception and during pregnancy. If one develops thyroid disease during pregnancy, it is usually not a big problem. There are many medications that are safe to use during pregnancy. If more specific treatment is needed, only safe drugs are given until delivery, after which the mother may be taken for surgery or radiotherapy.

We hope we have been able to answer your questions regarding thyroid disease through this article.

If you want more information and thyroid disease treatment, you can contact an Endocrinologist .

Our aim is only to inform you through this article. We do not recommend medicine, treatment in any way. Only a doctor can give you the best advice.